IMOI Framework for Team Micro Entrepreneurial Conflict Management: A Conceptual Model
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17010/amcije/2024/v7i1/174007Keywords:
conflict management
, input-mediator-output-input (IMOI) model, team-based microenterprises, MSME, women-led micro-entrepreneurship.Paper Submission Date
, February 20, 2024, Paper sent back for Revision, February 26, Paper Acceptance Date, March 5, 2024Abstract
Purpose : This research paper aimed to investigate the profound impact of conflict management practices on team performance in team-based micro-enterprises by employing the input-mediatoroutput- input (IMOI) model. This study attempted to offer important insights into the dynamics of conflict management in the setting of team micro-enterprises by using a formal, enhanced approach.
Methodology : This qualitative research paper employed theoretical analysis, interviews, and observations to investigate the interplay between team cohesion, team cognition, conflict management practices, and performance in team-based micro-enterprises. The study sought to aid in the creation of a conceptual framework by looking at these variables.
Findings : The IMOI model served as a framework for analyzing the intricate dynamics among team cohesion, cognition and conflict management practices, and team micro-entrepreneurial performance. Two important input components in this model are team cohesion and cognition, which have a significant impact on the effectiveness of conflict management tactics. These conflict resolution strategies not only affect team dynamics but also serve as mediators, enhancing team cohesion and comprehension.
Practical Implications : The development of a framework for the handling and settlement of disputes in team-based micro-entrepreneurial activities, particularly in the context of women-owned team-based micro-enterprises, facilitates the handling and settlement of disputes within these companies and enhances the enterprise’s sustainability. In addition, women’s concerns about taking risks in their relationships may be eased by learning more about conflict resolution, which can reduce tension in the workplace and discourage them from starting their own businesses.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
References
Abdulraheem, I., Zekeri, A., Mohammed, A., & Salau, A. A. (2020). A qualitative analysis of conflict management style and employees' performance of organizations in Northern Region of Ghana. International Journal of Technology and Management, 5(2), 1–21.
Amason, A. C. (1996). Distinguishing the effects of functional and dysfunctional conflict on strategic decision making: Resolving a paradox for top management teams. The Academy of Management Journal, 39(1), 123–148. https://doi.org/10.2307/256633
Aula, P., & Siira, K. (2007). Towards social complexity view on conflict. https://doi.org/10.1177/0019793906057004061
Aula, P., & Siira, K. (2010). Organizational communication and conflict management systems: A social complexity approach. Nordicom Review, 31(1), 125–141. https://doi.org/10.1515/nor-2017-0125
Bagshaw, M. (1998). Conflict management and mediation: Key leadership skills for the millennium. Industrial and Commercial Training, 30(6), 206–208. doi:10.1108/00197859810232942
Banner, D. K. (1995). Conflict resolution: A recontextualization. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 16(1), 31–34. https://doi.org/10.1108/01437739510076449
Baron, R. A. (2007). Behavioral and cognitive factors in entrepreneurship: Entrepreneurs as the active element in new venture creation. Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, 1(1–2), 167–182. https://doi.org/10.1002/sej.12
Blatt, R. (2009). Tough love: How communal schemas and contracting practices build relational capital in entrepreneurial teams. Academy of Management Review, 34(3), 533–551. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2009.40633298
Boeker, W., & Karichalil, R. (2002). Entrepreneurial transitions: Factors influencing founder departure. The Academy of Management Journal, 45(4), 818–826. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3069314
Boeker, W., & Wiltbank, R. (2005). New venture evolution and managerial capabilities. Organization Science, 16, 123–133. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.1050.0115
Brehmer, B. (1976). Social judgment theory and the analysis of interpersonal conflict. Psychological Bulletin, 83(6), 985–1003. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.83.6.985
Carron, A. V., & Brawley, L. R. (2000). Cohesion: Conceptual and measurement issues. Small Group Research, 31(1), 89–106. https://doi.org/10.1177/104649640003100105
Cartwright, D., & Zander, A. (1968). Group dynamics; Research and theory. Harper and Row.
Chaudhary, S., & Arora, N. (2023). Turning conflict into collaboration: The power of constructive conflict management for your team. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 30(15), 54–66. https://doi.org/10.47750/jptcp.2023.30.15.006
Chen, M. J., & Ayoko, O. B. (2012). Conflict and trust: The mediating effects of emotional arousal and self-conscious emotions. International Journal of Conflict Management, 23(1), 19–56. https://doi.org/10.1108/10444061211199313
Choi, K., & Cho, B. (2011). Competing hypotheses analyses of the associations between group task conflict and group relationship conflict. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 32(8), 1106–1126. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.733
Chowdhury, S. (2005). Demographic diversity for building an effective entrepreneurial team: Is it important? Journal of Business Venturing, 20(6), 727–746. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2004.07.001
Chythra, P., & Gangu, A. B. (2021). Social entrepreneurship and women empowerment : A case study of Peepal Tree organisation. AMC Indian Journal of Entrepreneurship, 4(1), 22–33. https://doi.org/10.17010/amcije/2021/v4i1/154345
Cosier, R. A., & Rose, G. L. (1977). Cognitive conflict and goal conflict effects on task performance. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 19(2), 378–391. https://doi.org/10.1016/0030-5073(77)90071-X
De Dreu, C. K., & Weingart, L. R. (2003). Task versus relationship conflict, team performance, and team member satisfaction: A meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(4), 741–749. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.88.4.741
de Mol, E., Khapova, S. N., & Elfring, T. (2015). Entrepreneurial team cognition: A review. International Journal of Management Reviews, 17(2), 232–255. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijmr.12055
De Wit, F. R., Greer, L. L., & Jehn, K. A. (2012). The paradox of intragroup conflict: A metaanalysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 97(2), 360–390. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0024844
Dimov, D. (2007). From opportunity insight to opportunity intention: The importance of person–situation learning match. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 31(4), 561–583. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2007.00188.x
Eisenhardt, K. M. (2013). Top management teams and the performance of entrepreneurial firms. Small Business Economics, 40(4), 805–816. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-013-94730
Ensley, M. D., & Pearce, C. L. (2001). Shared cognition in top management teams: Implications for new venture performance. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 22(2), 145–160. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3649588
Ensley, M. D., Pearson, A., & Pearce, C. L. (2003). Top management team process, shared leadership, and new venture performance: A theoretical model and research agenda. Human Resource Management Review, 13(2), 329–346. https://doi.org/10.1016/S10534822(03)00020-2
Evans, C. R., & Dion, K. L. (2012). Group cohesion and performance: A meta-analysis. Small Group Research, 43(6), 690–701. https://doi.org/10.1177/1046496412468074
Forbes, D. P., Borchert, P. S., Zellmer-Bruhn, M. E., & Sapienza, H. J. (2006). Entrepreneurial team formation: An exploration of new member addition. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 30(2), 225–248. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2006.00119.x
Foss, N. J., Klein, P. G., Kor, Y. Y., & Mahoney, J. T. (2008). Entrepreneurship, subjectivism, and the resource-based view: Toward a new synthesis. Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, 2(1), 73–94. https://doi.org/10.1002/sej.41
Greer, L. L., & Dannals, J. E. (2017). Conflict in teams. In E. Salas, R. Rico, & J. Passmore, (ed.), The Wiley Blackwell handbook of the psychology of team working and collaborative processes (pp. 317–343). John Wiley & Sons. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118909997.ch14
Grégoire, D. A., Corbett, A. C., & McMullen, J. S. (2011). The cognitive perspective in entrepreneurship: An agenda for future research. Journal of Management Studies, 48(6), 1443–1477. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.2010.00922.x
Ilgen, D. R., Hollenbeck, J. R., Johnson, M., & Jundt, D. (2005). Teams in organizations: From input-process-output models to IMOI models. Annual Review of Psychology, 56, 517–543. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.56.091103.070250
Iroye, S. O., & Ajeh, D. O. (2020). The entrepreneur and effective conflict management in a business environment. KIU Journal of Social Humanities.
Jehn, K. A. (1995). A multimethod examination of the benefits and detriments of intragroup conflict. Administrative Science Quarterly, 40(2), 256–282. https://doi.org/10.2307/2393638
Jehn, K. A., & Bendersky, C. (2003). Intragroup conflict in organizations: A contingency perspective on the conflict-outcome relationship. Research in Organizational Behavior, 25, 187–242. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-3085(03)25005-X
Jehn, K., Rispens, S., Jonsen, K., & Greer, L. (2013). Conflict contagion: A temporal perspective on the development of conflict within teams. International Journal of Conflict Management, 24(4), 352–373. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCMA-05-2011-0039
Jehn, K. A. (1992) The impact of intragroup conflict on effectiveness: A multimethod examination of the benefits and detriments of conflict (Doctoral Dissertations, Northwestern University). https://doi.org/10.1037/t02326-000
Jones, R. E., & White, C. S. (1985). Relationships among personality, conflict resolution styles, and task effectiveness. Group & Organization Studies, 10(2), 152–167. https://doi.org/10.1177/105960118501000204
Kamm, J. B., & Nurick, A. J. (1993). The stages of team venture formation: A decision-making model. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 17(2), 17–27. https://doi.org/10.1177/104225879301700202
Kamm, J. B., Shuman, J. C., Seeger, J. A., & Nurick, A. J. (1990). Entrepreneurial teams in new venture creation: A research agenda. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 14(4), 7–17. https://doi.org/10.1177/104225879001400403
Lewer, N. (1999). International non-governmental organisations and peacebuilding perspectives from peace studies and conflict resolution (CCR Working Paper No. 3). Centre for Conflict Resolution. https://doi.org/10.1037/t02326-000
Lipsky, D. B., & Seeber, R. L. (2006). Managing organizational conflicts. In The Sage handbook of conflict communication: Integrating theory, research, and practice (pp. 359–390). Sage. https://doi.org/10.1177/001979390605700406
McGrath, J. E., Arrow, H., & Berdahl, J. L. (2000). The study of groups: Past, present, and future. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 4(1), 95–105. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327957PSPR0401_8
Mitchell, R. K., Busenitz, L. W., Bird, B., Marie Gaglio, C., McMullen, J. S., Morse, E. A., & Smith, J. B. (2007). The central question in entrepreneurial cognition research 2007. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 31(1), 1–27. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2007.00161.x
Mitchell, R. K., Busenitz, L., Lant, T., McDougall, P. P., Morse, E. A., & Smith, J. B. (2002). Toward a theory of entrepreneurial cognition: Rethinking the people side of entrepreneurship research. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 27(2), 93–104. https://doi.org/10.1111/1540-8520.00001
Nwafor, S. (2023). Effective conflict management: Panacea to organizational harmony, HR togetherness, team work, and increased productivity. African Journal of Management and Business Research, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/001979390605700406
Pelled, L. H. (1996). Demographic diversity, conflict, and work group outcomes: An intervening process theory. Organization Science, 7(6), 615–631. https://www.jstor.org/stable/2635051
Priem, R. L., & Price, K. H. (1991). Process and outcome expectations for the dialectical inquiry, devil's advocacy, and consensus techniques of strategic decision making. Group & Organization Studies, 16(2), 206–225. https://doi.org/10.1177/105960119101600207
Rahim, A., & Bonoma, T. V. (1979). Managing organizational conflict: A model for diagnosis and intervention. Psychological Reports, 44(3_suppl), 1323–1344. https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1979.44.3c.1323
Rahim, M. A. (2002). Toward a theory of managing organizational conflict. International Journal of Conflict Management, 13(3), 206–235. https://doi.org/10.1108/eb022874
Rahim, M. A. (2023). Managing conflict in organizations (5th ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003285861
Rahim, M. A., Buntzman, G. F., & White, D. (1999). An empirical study of the stages of moral development and conflict management styles. International Journal of Conflict Management, 10(2), 154–171. https://doi.org/10.1108/eb022822
Shalley, C. E., & Perry-Smith, J. E. (2008). The emergence of team creative cognition: The role of diverse outside ties, sociocognitive network centrality, and team evolution. Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, 2(1), 23–41. https://doi.org/10.1002/sej.40
Smith, K. G., Smith, K. A., Olian, J. D., Sims Jr., H. P., O'Bannon, D. P., & Scully, J. A. (1994). Top management team demography and process: The role of social integration and communication. Administrative Science Quarterly, 39(3), 412–438. https://doi.org/10.2307/2393297
Tekleab, A. G., Quigley, N. R., & Tesluk, P. E. (2009). A longitudinal study of team conflict, conflict management, cohesion, and team effectiveness. Group & Organization Management, 34(2), 170–205. https://doi.org/10.1177/1059601108331218
Thomas, K. W. (2008). Thomas-kilmann conflict mode. TKI Profile and Interpretive Report, 1(11). https://doi.org/10.1037/t02326-000
Tjosvold, D. (2008). The conflict-positive organization: It depends upon us. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 29(1), 19–28. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.473
Vokić, N. P., & Sontor, S. (2009). Conflict management styles in Croatian enterprises – The relationship between individual characteristics and conflict handling styles (FEB Working Paper No. 09–05). Faculty of Economics and Business. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/7370273.pdf
Yadav, J. (2021). Self-help groups and women entrepreneurship in India: Opportunities and challenges. AMC Indian Journal of Entrepreneurship, 4(1), 13–21. https://doi.org/10.17010/amcije/2021/v4i1/159225
Zheng, Y. (2012). Unlocking founding team prior shared experience: A transactive memory system perspective. Journal of Business Venturing, 27(5), 577–591. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2011.11.001
Zheng, Y., & Mai, Y. (2013). A contextualized transactive memory system view on how founding teams respond to surprises: Evidence from China. Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, 7(3), 197–213. https://doi.org/10.1002/sej.1157